Étiquette : Security
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The Impact of Ukrainian War on Poland – Three researchers bring insights
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We have sent two questions to many researchers in Central, Eastern and Balkan Europe about the impact of the war in Ukraine on their respective political landscapes. In this article, three Polish researchers responded and we publish their answers in their entirety. The two questions were: Michal Kurylowicz, Jagellonnian University, Krakow The war in Ukraine…
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The Impact of the War in Ukraine on Poland’s Political Landscape and the Perception of the European Union among Society and Political Elites
By Kinga Torbicka, University of Warsaw. Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine triggered a lasting “securitization” of public debate in Poland: issues of defense, national resilience, and deterrence have become the core of state policy. There has been an unprecedented increase in defense spending (over 4.7% of GDP in 2025, with projections reaching 4.81%[1] in 2026),…
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War, Justice, Politics.
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By Antony Todorov, New Bulgarian University. We usually understand war as organized mass violence, justice as an ethical category, and politics as the “art of the possible” and a way of living together, despite our differences. Their combination is always a great test of reason and morality. The war in Ukraine has put to the…
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Strategic Friendship in Times of Uncertainty: Polish–French Relations in the 21st Century
By Kinga Torbicka, University of Warsaw. Introduction Polish–French relations have been complex and multifaceted throughout the centuries and in recent decades. Despite tensions and differences, both sides have consistently nurtured their relationship, much like in a true friendship. Only after years of efforts, struggles, disputes, misunderstandings, and mutual disappointments does the moment arrive when the…
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The Borders of the European Union as Lines of Defence: The Strategic Relevance of the “Eastern Shield” in the Context of the War in Ukraine.
By Kinga Torbicka, University of Warsaw. Introduction The National Deterrence and Defence Project “Eastern Shield” (2024–2028) is a comprehensive initiative aimed at strengthening Poland’s defensive capabilities along its eastern border. The programme was developed in response to the deteriorating security environment in the region, particularly following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which highlighted the…